![]() Because these insights only emerge when systematically comparing the two strands of literature, we propose a novel framework for the study of violence after wars that aims at overcoming the compartmentalization of research within these two fields. While war recurrence and postwar violence share a set of common risk factors, some factors can have opposite effects on the two outcomes. We demonstrate this by reviewing the literature in both of these closely related fields. This compartmentalization leads us to overlook important similarities and differences in the drivers of different forms of violence after war. Using citation network analysis, we show that research on war recurrence and postwar violence has developed in relative isolation from each other-although these phenomena are interrelated. This postwar violence is likewise subject to a growing multidisciplinary literature. But even if peace prevails, many other types of violence take place in postwar environments. Many armed conflicts today are recurrences of previous wars and much of the literature on violence after war explains why armed groups return to the battlefield. Violence after civil war is a challenge to sustainable peace.
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